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Different Physical Modalities

TENS delivers mild electrical stimulation through skin electrodes and may be used for temporary relief in selected pain conditions. PEMF refers to devices that generate a time-varying electromagnetic field, while low-level laser uses light at specified wavelengths and doses. These modalities are not interchangeable.

Evidence and Treatment Planning

Benefit depends on the diagnosis, device specifications, dose and protocol. There is no conclusive evidence that static magnets are effective for pain. Supportive results have been reported for PEMF and low-level laser in certain specific conditions, but they cannot be generalised to all diseases. Device-based modalities do not replace exercise, education or diagnosis-specific treatment.

Safety

TENS electrodes are not placed over open wounds, areas of marked sensory loss, around the eyes or on the front of the neck. Pacemakers, implanted electronic devices, pregnancy or epilepsy require prior review. Metal or electronic implants must be considered for electromagnetic treatment; device class, skin characteristics and eye safety are critical for laser. Protective eyewear and the manufacturer's instructions are essential.

This page provides general information. The appropriate device and protocol are selected by a trained healthcare professional following clinical assessment.